The Lost Generation of del Pilars: Goyo’s Noble Bloodline

Photo restoration by Angkan.net

After watching the historical film Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral, I remembered this post I made from three years ago on the boy general from Bulacan, and decided to revisit his family tree. What I discovered hopefully helps people see Heneral Goyo with new eyes.

To recap, I found Goyo’s baptismal record in the Libro de Bautimos of The Our Lady of Assumption parish while I was working on the Sempio clan, which happens to be Goyo’s maternal line. Baptismal entries from the late 19th century often indicated the child’s grandparents, and so was the case with Goyo’s record.

Gregorio del Pilar’s baptismal record, 1875.

Goyo’s family name two generations back, was Hilario. Gregorio’s grandfather adopted the surname del Pilar most probably in compliance to the Claveria decree. As was the observable practice for a lot of Filipino families after the decree, the family carried both their old and new surnames (e.g. Hilario del Pilar) for at least a couple generations, and then dropped the old one at some point. This sometimes mislead some in thinking that Hilario was the middle name of Gregorio and his equally-prominent uncle Marcelo H. del Pilar.

All available sources I found only provide up to Goyo’s grandparents’ generation. I picked up from where I left off from the three year-old post and tried to find the baptismal record of Fernando Hilario del Pilar (Goyo’s father) or any of his siblings. I found his record and another sibling’s but unfortunately, their generation only has parents indicated on the baptismal entries.

The next option I explored was to look for the marriage record of Julian Hilario and Blasica Gatmaytan, Goyo’s paternal grandparents. I had in my old notes that their eldest son Toribio was born sometime in 1833. Thinking that they would have likely gotten married nine months prior, I looked through the 1832 weddings in the same parish. True enough, I found their marriage record in that year.

The day was May 24, 1832. Julian and Blasica were listed as indios, the racial term used in Spanish-era Catholic church records to identify those with native roots. Nevertheless, what’s significant is that they were both of parents who apparently were principales or belonging to the Principalia, the noble (and usually educated) ruling class. This is aside from the fact that Blasica’s last name Gatmaytan may already be an indication that at least her line is of noble lineage. In the lowlands of Luzon, the Tagalog nobility were known as the maginoo. Proper names of the maginoo noble males were preceded by Gat. Hence, we suppose that those with the surnames Gatmaytan, Gatchalian, Gatdula, etc. may have roots from the nobles of Pre-Hispanic Luzon.

Julian Hilario and Blasica Gatmaytan’s marriage record, 1832.

Julian is the son of Don Josef Hilario and Doña Ana Gonzales of barrio de Sta. Ana. Blasica is the daughter of Don Nicolas Gatmaytan and Doña Cerapia de Torres from an old barrio named Cupang. Both of their parents were deceased by this time.

So there you have it, a previously unknown generation of the family that produced a number of revolutionaries and national heroes, the del Pilars.

Gregorio del Pilar’s family tree

I admire Goyo for his gallant bravery despite his youth, his quick rise to power, and his noteworthy appeal to women. His heritage as shown by ancestral records doesn’t make him any more awesome. He was fighting armies as a general at 22. When I was his age. I wasn’t even sure what career to pursue. I think this is why millenials should study history. Such perspective is valuable especially for a generation seemingly stricken with all sorts of quarter-life crises. My takeaway is this: Find your calling. Find a purpose and be passionate about it as if your life and freedom depended on it. Therein lies greatness.

People will judge characters like Goyo through histories handed down to us, and through adaptations of these stories as in the current film that I hope every Filipino would watch. Good or bad, we all have something to say about the choices they made and the things they did. I subscribe though, to the thought that they had their own good reasons. They must have, to the point of giving up their lives for these causes.

Finally, Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral reminds us of what happens when patronage politics get the best of people’s good intentions. Such a timely message! Here’s to the hope that each of us will better realize that our pedigrees alone do not determine our worth. Ultimately, we are defined by the passions we pursue and the principles we stand for.

Manuel Tinio: The Youngest Filipino General

Photo from CulturED Philippines. Enhanced photo by Angkan.net

Today marks the 143rd birth anniversary of Brigadier General Manuel Bundoc Tinio, the youngest general of the Philippine Revolutionary Army. Yes, you read that right. It is a common misconception that the more popular Gregorio del Pilar held that title. At 20 years old, Manuel was designated as commanding general of operations on Nov. 20, 1897. Gregorio del Pilar, already 22, was only a Lt. Colonel at that time.

Manuel was born on June 17, 1877 to Mariano Tinio and Silveria Bundoc in Licab, then a barrio of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. He was named after St. Manuel, whose feast day falls on June 17. He was the only son and had two sisters, the eldest, Maximiana, married Valentin de Castro of Licab and Catalina, the youngest, married Clemente Gatchalian Hernandez of Malolos, Bulacan. Manuel was his mother’s favorite, his father having died when Manuel was twelve.

The Tinios, like the Rizals, are of Chinese descent or mestizo de sangley.

The following ancestral profile is from Wikipedia and from the account of one of Gen. Tinio’s grandsons, Martin “Sonny” Tinio Jr. Sonny was a genealogist, antiquarian, and writer in Philippine culture and history. His lifelong genealogical research gives us much of what is known about Manuel Tinio’s ancestry.

Gen. Manuel Tinio’s family tree

Ancestry

Parents

Mariano Santiago Tinio was born about 1810 in Gapang, then part of Pampanga. Mariano and his siblings, originally named Santiago, changed their family name to Tinio, their mother’s family name, in accordance with Governor General Narciso Claveria’s second decree of 1849 requiring all indios and Chinese mestizos the sangley to change their family names if these were saints’ names. Although he was a native of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, Mariano eventually settled in Licab, then a barrio of Aliaga beside Lake Canarem, and carved out rice fields from the heavily forested area. Having served as Cabeza de Barangay of the place, he came to be known as ‘Cabezang Marianong Pulang Buhok’ (Cabezang Mariano the Red-Haired). Although he eventually became a big landowner, he lived very simply on his lands. Mariano was a man of strong principles, and even led a petition to the Governor-General denouncing the corruption and abuses of the Alcalde Mayor, the governor of Nueva Ecija, and asking for his recall. Cabesang Mariano married several times and, in the fashion of the time, engaged in extramarital affairs, siring numerous progeny. His fourth and last wife was Silveria Misadsad Bundoc (born 19 Jun 1840) of Entablado, Cabiao. He died on Oct.11, 1889 in Licab. Silveria, a woman of very strong character, lived on until the 1920s.

Grandparents

Enrique Hernandes was born about 1780 in Gapang, Pampanga. He died on 2 Feb 1811. He was married to Candida Leocrecia (Tinio Santiago) in about 1803. Candida was born on 2 Oct 1785 in Calaba, Gapang, Pampanga. She died on 7 Dec 1853 at the age of 68 in Calaba, San Isidro, Nueva, Ecija. Enrique and Candida were the parents of Mariano.

Yldefonso Bundoc and Dominga Misadsad are the parents of Silveria, according to Manuel’s baptismal record. They are most likely from Cabiao.

baptismal record of Manuel Bundoc Tinio

Great Grandparents

The parents of Enrique are still unknown as no record has been found thus far that mentions their names. 

Candida on the other hand, is the daughter of Clemente Geronimo Santiago and Monica Leocracia (Tinio). Clemente was born about 1753 in Gapang, Pampanga. He married Monica on 18 Jan 1785. He died on 21 Feb 1819. Monica was born about 1764 and died on 11 Mar 1808.

Great-great Grandparents

Felipe Santiago and Mariana Geronima, both from Gapan, were the parents of Clemente Santiago.

Juan Tinio, the first recorded ancestor with the Tinio family name, was born about 1720 in Gapan. He and Cathalina Leocrecia (about 1725 – 25 Aug 1754), were the parents of Monica Leocresia. Juan held the title of Cabeza de Barangay between 1765 and 1780 in the same town.

Juan Tinio, had twin sons who were baptized in Gapan in 1750. In the baptismal record he is described as an indio natural, a native Filipino. From this it can be deduced that either his grandfather or an earlier ancestor was a pure-blooded Chinese. Juan Tinio became the first middleman of the Tobacco Monopoly when it was established in 1782 and held the position for two years.

Partners and children:

Gen. Tinio had no less than 5 partners with whom he fathered at least 14 children. It is common and even customary during their time for a man to marry again after the first wife have died and to have extramarital affairs. This widely accepted practice, his family background, and his military status, may have been factors to his prolific love life as follows.

The Quijano sisters of Sinait, Ilocos Sur

He fell in love with Laureana Quijano, a daughter of an unknown Spanish friar and a woman named Rosenda Quijano. The couple had at least 2 sons namely: Mariano and Manuel.

His second love was his own sister-in-law and the only known sibling of Laureana named Maura. Manuel and Maura had at least 3 children namely: Rafael, Bertila, and Pio.

Juana Macapagal of Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija

Juana is the third known partner of the general. She had at least two children with him namely: Maria Consolacion and Felix.

Basilia Pilares Huerta of Meycauayan, Bulacan

Basilia is a daughter of Paulino Huerta and Maria Pilares of Peñaranda, Nueva Ecija. Maria made her mark in the history of Talavera, Nueva Ecija for her actions that sparked the peasants’ revolt in the central plains. Basilia and the general had at least 5 children namely: Martin (father of Sonny Tinio, Jr.), Teodoro, Silveria, Vicencio, and Dolores.

Aside from the women named above, he also had one unnamed lover with whom he sired a child named Catalina.

I admit, I only knew about Manuel Tinio when I met His grandson Sonny. I miss Sonny dearly, and I have fond memories of him talking for hours about 19th century chismis, interjecting stories about his Lolo Manuel every now and then. I felt gratitude, pride, and love altogether from his recollections. Since this is Lolo Manuel’s 143rd birthday, this post as a virtual “1-4-3” to him and to Sonny who introduced me to him. Both are exceptional Filipinos.

Sources:
GEDCOM file from Martin “Sonny” Tinio Jr. (personal file turned over by Sonny before his death)
Manuel Bundoc Tinio profile on FamilySearch.org
Manuel Bundoc Tinio profile on geni.com
Writeup by Drew Miranda
Archived publication on Manuel Tinio by the National Historical Institute

Are all Philippine Presidents related to each other?

Genealogist Tood Cabrera Lucero  illustrates how each of the 16 presidents of the Philippines are connected to each other. Look at the amazing family tree here:

Bonus: You may find Jose Rizal in the tree as well.

Rizal’s Baptismal Record

Today, Filipinos are commemorating Dr. Jose P. Rizal’s 119 death anniversary. A doctor, a novelist, a poet, a painter, a sculptor, a teacher. Rizal was a Renaissance man, a great Filipino hero.

On 28 September 1862, the parochial church of Calamba and the canonical books, including the book containing Rizal’s baptismal records, were burned. Here is a transcript of Rizal’s baptismal certificate issued by Father Leoncio Lopez originally written in Spanish.

“I, the parish priest of the town of Calamba, whose signature appears below, certify that as a result of inquiries, which with the proper authorization were made for the restoration of the canonical books (that were burned) on the 28th of September 1862 and are found in the file of baptisms, book n 1, page 49, it emerges according to the declaration of competent and sworn witnesses that Jose Rizal Mercado is legitimate son from the legitimate matrimony of Don Francisco Rizal Mercado and Dna Teodora Realonda (that) he was baptized in this parish on the 22nd of June 1861 by the parish priest Reverend Father Rufino Collantes, and his godfather was the Reverend Father Pedro Casanas. And I sign this as true. -Leoncio Lopez.”

 

Sources:

http://www.joserizal.ph/ec01.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal

 

Andrés Bonifacio

Today, we commemorate the 152nd birth anniversary of Andres Bonifacio. Often dubbed as the Father of the Philippine Revolution, he co-founded the Samahang Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK). His namesake St. Andrew‘s feast day falls on November 30. His name was most probably assigned from the Calendar of Saints, as was customary back in those days.

“Presidente” Bonifacio in La Ilustración Española y Americana, February 8, 1897

Not much is known about the genealogy of Bonifacio, as pre-1900 Catholic Church records from Tondo, his hometown, are very scarce. The records might have been damaged when Manila was bombed during the Japanese occupation. Santiago, his father, was a boatman from Taguig. His mother, Catalina de Castro of Zambales, was a mestiza born of a Spanish father and a Filipino-Chinese mother. Both died due to tuberculosis in 1880 and 1881 respectively.

The book “Bones of Contention:The Bonifacio Lectures”(1998:90-91) by Ambeth Ocampo, provides an account of the marriage of Santiago and Catalina, where the grandparents of Bonifacio are named. It reads:

“On the 24th of January 1863 …Saturnino Buntan, parish priest of Tondo, authorized the marriage contracted between (Santiago Bonifacio) the son of Vicente Bonifacio and of Alejandra Rosales…and Catalina de Castro, single, mestiza espanola, a native of the province of Zambales and resident in this pueblo of Tondo… daughter of Martin de Castro and Antonia Gregorio… in the presence of Don Severino Ampil and Dona Patricia Trinidad as sponsors…”

Yes, the First President of the Philippines had Spanish and Chinese blood running through his veins. The blood of the tyrants whom he fought against, and the blood of the people  who’s country is bullying us at present in our own backyard. Nevertheless, Andres Bonifacio is a Filipino in every aspect of the word, and one of the greatest Filipino at that.

Pedigree of Andres Bonifacio, generated from FamilySearch.org.

Elpidio Quirino

On November 16, 1890, Elpidio Quirino was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He was the sixth President of the Philippines and the second President of the Third Republic.

from Wikipedia

The scarcity of early records from the province of Abra makes the tracing of his paternal ancestry extremely difficult, if not impossible. At least one more generation can be found on his mother’s side, since records in Agoo, La Union go back to 1867.

Elpidio Quirino’s family tree gereated from Familysearch.org

More info:

Quirino was a practicing lawyer until he was elected as a member of the House of Representatives in 1919, and in 1925, Senator. He collaborated with President Manuel L. Quezon in securing the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act in the United States Congress in 1934. After serving with the Constitutional Convention of the same year, he became Secretary of Finance and then of the Interior in the Commonwealth Government. After the war, in which most of his immediate family were massacred, he was elected Vice President, serving as the first Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the Roxas administration, and becoming President after Roxas’ sudden death in 1948. Quirino saw his mission as restoring the people’s faith in government, as well as solving problems of agrarian unrest.
Learn more about President Elpidio Quirino:
http://malacanang.gov.ph/pr…/third-republic/elpidio-quirino/
View photos of President Quirino on the Presidential Museum and Library Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/govph/sets/72157635082169232/
(Photo courtesy of the National Library of the Philippines.)

Source: Malacañan Palace Facebook page

Gregorio del Pilar

Gregorio del Pilar y Sempio was born 140 years ago today, the 14th of November of 1875 in Bulakan, Bulacan. He is 1/4 Chinese as his maternal grandfather is a full-blooded Chinese. This is based on the records found of his uncles and aunts, which indicates Jose Sempio (grandfather) as Sangley Christiano, born in Fujian, China.

Baptismal record of Gregorio del Pilar. 17 Nov 1875. Bulakan, Bulacan

Del Pilar’s Family Tree generated from Familysearch.org

The “Boy General” was so called because he was one of the youngest to have earned that rank at 22 years old. He studied at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, where he received his bachelor’s degree in 1896. Arguably one of the most celebrated heroes of the Philippine Revolution, del Pilar and his life story is rumored to be the subject of the next film by the same team that produced the blockbuster movie Heneral Luna.

Sources:

http://www.pma.ph/DelPilar.php

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar

Jose Rizal’s Family Tree and How You Can Check If You Are Related

On this day, 154 years ago, José Protasio Mercado Rizal y Alonzo Realonda was born in Calamba, Laguna. He comes from a prestigious family of Chinese, Malay, Japanese, and Spanish descent. This is a representation of his family tree which I made in 2008.

Using Geni.com, one could see his/her relationship with some famous people like Rizal. Just for fun, I checked whether I was genealogically connected with our national hero. Here is what came up on my query:

Dr. Jose Rizal is Felvir Ordinario’s wife’s first cousin thrice removed’s wife’s second great nephew’s wife’s great uncle!

Felvir Ordinario → Sariah Ordinario, your wife
→ Jovencio Araneta Guanzon, her father
→ Andres Guanzon, his father
→ Domingo Guanzon, his father
→ Jose Guanzon, his father
→ Paulino Guanzon, his brother
→ Agapito Guanzon, his son
→ Juana Tuason Rodriguez, his wife
→ Matea Tuason Rodriguez, her sister
→ Florencia Rodriguez Sioco, her daughter
→ Javier “Javing” Sioco Gonzalez, her son
→ Vladimir Mercado Gonzalez, his son
→ Fe Arguelles Cruz de Gonzales, his wife
→ Mauricio Rizal Cruz, her father
→ Maria Alonso Cruz, his mother
→ Dr. Jose Rizal, her brother

So, not quite blood-related, but related nonetheless by affinity. Note that you need to have several generations of data on your tree to establish a connection. Check if you’re a cousin too! –> Geni.com

Remembering Ninoy

Several years ago, I was asked to put together and design a family tree for Pres. Benigno Simeon Aquino III. Today marks the 31st death anniversary of his father, Benigno Aquino Jr. Here is their family tree. #ninoy #ninoy2014

Tracing the Ancestry of Felix Manalo

I am a Mormon, digging up Catholic records, for an Iglesia ni Cristo leader. My hope is that this research will draw hearts closer together, despite religious differences.

This year marks the centennial of the founding of the Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ). This home-grown religion has flourished from its humble beginnings in Santa Ana, Manila, to about 5,545 congregations worldwide in the span of a hundred years. Its founder and first Executive Minister Felix Y. Manalo is revered by the members as “the last messenger of God.” For such a prominent 20th-century figure, it is surprising that not much is known about the lineage that produced the great “Ka Felix”. This post summarizes my attempt on searching for Manalo’s ancestry, going further back in time than where most writings on his life start off from. I used mostly online resources, and microfilmed records provided by FamilySearch. Felix Y. Manalo featured on a commemorative stamp. (source: m.philstar.com)

Parents
I began in Taguig, his birthplace. Felix was said to be born on May 10, 1886, in a sitio called Calzada in Tipas, Taguig. All accounts agree that he was born Felix Manalo Ysagun, son of Mariano Ysagun and Bonifacia Manalo. He carried the last name Manalo later on at about after the death of his beloved mother. A lot of years are missing in the church records of the Parish of St. Anne. They were probably damaged at the height of World War 2. The whole period of 1880 to June of 1886 which should contain his baptismal record, is missing from the registry. My assumption is that he was christened on May 18, which is the feast day of St. Felix, his most-likely namesake. It was a common practice in the early days (even towards the mid-1900s) to name babies after saints whose feast dates fall on the day of the child’s birth or christening. So, with the impossibility of verifying his parentage based on records, the next best option was to trace his only full sibling on record – Praxedes. This younger sister is said to be a year younger than Felix. I started searching from March of 1887 (10 months after Felix’s birth), and found Praxedes Ysagun’s baptismal record: Baptismal record of Praxedes Ysagun, daughter of Mariano Ysagun and Bonifacia Manalo, 1887

Herein are recorded the names of Mariano Ysagun and Bonifacia Manalo as parents. Note that the cabeza de baranggay (equivalent of the modern-day Baranggay Captain) at this time was Clemente Mozo, the same Clemente whom Bonifacia married after Mariano’s death. Note also that Praxedes was christened on July 23, and was dos dias nacida or two days old, meaning she was born on Jul 21, the feast day of St. Praxedes.

Grandparents
Typically, the grandparents are named in catholic baptismal records. This is not the case with Praxedes’ baptismal register though. It says ignoranse los abuelos which means “grandparents unknown.” I have not come across accounts that give the parents of Mariano and Bonifacia either, so I took this as a research challenge and opportunity to contribute to written history. I then started searching for Mariano and Bonifacia’s marriage record. Felix is said to be their eldest, and if he was born in 1886, his parents would most likely have been wed the year before (1885). Unfortunately, the marriage registers are also missing entries between May 1883 to Feb 1900. It is known that Bonifacia married a certain Clemente Mozo sometime after Mariano’s death, but again, we have no record of this marriage because of the missing years in the registers. Many blogs erroneously put the death of Mariano to be around the time of the Philippine Revolution (1896), and suggest that Mariano could be a Katipunero killed in battle. Fortuitously, my friend Todd Sales, who happened to be also researching Manalo’s genealogy, showed me a page from the padrones or taxation record of Taguig showing Clemente and Bonifacia already together in 1890. 

Todd also showed me an article by Joseph J. Kavanagh entitled The “Iglesia ni Cristo” (published in Philippine Studies vol. 3, no. 1 (1955): 19–42.) where it says that:

“Felix’s father died when he was only two or three years of age.”

This makes Kavanagh’s statement the more accurate account, as it is supported by this taxation record. With both of Bonifacia’s marriage records missing, and no abuelos recorded in her daughter Praxedes’ baptismal record, I went back to check whether I could chance on finding Mariano’s and Bonifacia’s birth records. Logically, one would search around 20 years back from the eldest child’s birthdate for the parents’ birth accounts. Sadly, the books are also missing the baptismal records of the 1860s. This is another major roadblock. At this point, I read through accounts again and found out that Bonifacia reportedly had five children with Don Clemente Mozo. So I commenced the search for baptismal records from May 1888 (10 months after Prexedes’ birth), hoping that one of the Mozo children’s files will give Bonifacia’s parents. With a quick scan through the microfilm number 1209189, I was able to find two of them: Baldomero (b. 1900) and Simeon (b. 1902).

Baptismal record of Baldomero Mozo, son of Clemente Mozo and Bonifacia Manalo, 1900.

Baptismal record of Simeon Mozo, son of Clemente Mozo and Bonifacia Manalo, 1902.

Kavanagh, who is the only source on my list to have checked the actual records in Taguig, said that Baldomero’s record is missing from the registry. This find proves otherwise. The two records provides an interesting discrepancy. Baldomero’s baptismal record indicates the abuelos maternos (maternal grandparents) as Andres Manalo and Maria Cruz, while Simeon’s gives Maria Santos as the grand mother’s name. The other siblings’ files would be good to check regarding this matter, and I’ll look for them at a later time. Regardless of that, this is one additional generation to Felix Manalo’s existing family tree.

Now going back to Mariano Ysagun. I could not find his birth record, and there is no mention of his parents in Praxedes’ baptismal register. His registro de matrimonio with Bonifacia is also nowhere to be found. This is where luck struck and with the following two records I found, I propose two hypotheses:

Hypotheses #1: The same Mariano Ysagun married Jacoba Pasco in 1861.

Marriage record of Mariano Ysagun to Jacoba Paseo (or Pasco), 1861

Here are a couple of points to consider: First is the age gap. If indeed this Mariano is the same as Bonifacia’s husband, he would have been in his early 40s in 1885 and Bonifacia was about 21. BUT, remember that Bonifacia married Clemente who was 18 years her senior. The age gap then should be a non-issue. Second: two Mariano Ysagun of Baranggay Calzada? Baranggays in those days were not as populated as they are now. Brgy. Calzada, where most of the Ysaguns apparently originated, lists around 150 tributarios (tax-payers, 18 years old and above) in the early 1890s. In my opinion, chances are slim that there was another Mariano Ysagun in Baranggay Calzada between 1861 and 1887. If this is so, this Mariano could be Mariano Sr., but that cannot be proven with the data found so far. This record indicates that Mariano is the son of Salvador Ysagun and Teresa Villanueva.

Hypothesis #2: The same Mariano Ysagun had an earlier marriage to Magdalena Maglipon, and fathered a child with her named Pedro in 1880.

Baptismal record of Pedro Ysagun, son of Mariano Ysagun and Magdalena Maglipon, 1880

This is again from the same hamlet along the coast of Laguna de Bay. Mariano may have been widowed, and married a certain Magdalena who gave birth to Pedro Ysagun on February 22, 1880. This record, however, does not provide any mention of the abuelos. I’ve noticed that rather consistently, the baptismal registers in the 1880s in this parish omit naming the abuelos. Ignoranse los abuelos was all over. A lazy scribe perhaps?

So, from the marriage record of Mariano and Jacoba, we now can add to Ka Felix’s paternal ancestry. It could go like this: Salvador > Mariano > Mariano > Felix, or it could also be Salvador > Mariano > Felix. By gut feel, I would hold on to the latter for now. Here is what I’ve come up thus far.

I am continuously working out on this in collaboration with Todd Sales, author of the Filipino Genealogy Project blog. I have added only one generation, but it is great to know that we now can give credit to THE people whose loins produced the great Ka Felix, founder of the Iglesia ni Cristo, of which centennial is celebrated this year. To all my INC friends, happy centennial! To God be the Glory.

To be continued…

20 June 2015 Update:

Todd Lucero has added a couple more generations to Felix’s maternal line. Check out the details here.

Felix Y. Manalo’s Ancestry by Todd Lucero Sales